Role of a Leader for Good Communication Skills -myassignmenthelp

Question: Expound on theRole of a Leader for Good Communication Skills. Answer: A decent pioneer ought to have a few characteristics like trustworthiness, certainty, great relational abilities, inventiveness, rousing others and a few different elements (Cashman 2017). It is said that the best nature of a pioneer is genuineness. The pioneer ought to consistently be straightforward with the goal that the adherents likewise get motivation from him to be straightforward which would improve the collaboration. He ought to have the certainty to settle on his own choices and demonstrate some strength to accomplish regard from his subordinates. The pioneer ought to be able to motivate others by setting positive models. There are likewise awful characteristics of a pioneer that I have known through my encounters. A few heads are there who has absence of core interest. Administration is progressively about need and less about parity (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). It is imperative to be taught with the goal that he can urge his devotees to be trained. There are a few chiefs who don't know about their absence of data. A few chiefs are even there who couldn't care less about the assessment of his supporters which is considered as a negative quality. I have gone over with a few chiefs in my training life just as expert life who have both positive and negative characteristics. One of the occurrences that I need to give with respect to a pioneer is that in my MBA class we were given a task to do in a group. The pioneer of that group was picked by me and my colleagues since we believed that he would lead our gathering in an all around composed way however later on we understood that he has some terrible characteristics like arrogance and he utilized o imagine that he knows it all and didn't try to take assessment from others which drove our undertaking to ruin. References Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J. also, Ololube, N.P., 2015. An audit of administration speculations, standards and styles and their pertinence to instructive administration. Management,5(1), pp.6-14. Cashman, K., 2017.Leadership from the back to front: Becoming a pioneer forever. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Cervical Spine and Soft Tissue Underlying Injury

Question: Examine about the Cervical Spine and Soft Tissue Underlying Injury. Answer: Further, in crisis care division misalignment is distinguishes and taken consideration off followed by discussion the board. The radiographic reconnaissance is trailed by medical procedure and medicine according to necessities of injury. The most fundamental types of prescriptions are muscle relaxants and Non-steroidal calming drugs (NSAIDs) that control fiery reaction and torment of injury. The interview procedure incorporates counsel from specialist and neurosurgeon about post-treatment the executives forms according to injury (3,6). Condition/Pathological procedure/Medical Significance The Disruption to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue basic injury is the clinical conditions that by and large emerge because of cracks (C5/C6), flexion wounds (hyperflexion), expansion wounds, pivotal pressure wounds and temperamental breaks in the cervical area. There are four significant districts front vertebral line, back vertebral line, spino-laminar line and back spinous line secured by smooth tissues that offer help to the general structure of the cervical locale. Any sort of interruption because of crack, injury that prompts a significant disengagement on the cervical spine locale creates these conditions. Probably the most widely recognized wounds are (foremost subluxation) where breaking of back tendon happens, (basic wedge crack) here the front tendon breaks, (wedge break) harm to both front and back tendons, (flexion teadrop break) prompts pivotal stacking rope harm. Further, the augmentation wounds lead to breakage in tendons, and hub pressure wounds like Jefferson crack prompts bursting of C1 ring (1,2) Neurotic Process and Medical Significance The arrangement of cervical spine harms prompts neurological harms in over 40% cases. Further, this condition prompts nerve root brokenness, the upper locale cervical spine subluxation edifices prompts convoluted neurovascular circumstances. Further, these interruptions likewise impede the usefulness of vertebral veins, cerebrospinal course, cervical veins, vagus nerve, and medulla oblongata. Any sort of despondency or determined portability of any one cervical spine fragment prompts unsettling influence in spinal nerve region dissemination since conduit and vein providing spinal nerve go through this area (2). Further, (3) considered that any sort of cervical injury prompting muscle fit outcome in circulatory disability where various types of heart, cranial nerve, vagal, extrapyramidal and sound-related side effects show up as optional manifestations. There are bothering in vertebral corridors creating vasomotor nature like facial torment, cerebral pain, facial flushing, nasal aggravation and so on. There are odds of venous waste bringing about aloof blockage and weight on tactile nerves. Further, there are unsettling influences in the medulla oblongata area additionally because of cervical wounds. Imaging Procedures Employed to Evaluate the Pathology The plain movies or X-beam is the most straightforward utilized procedure of pathology recognizable proof in 80% instances of cervical spine wounds. The generally performed X-beam incorporates parallel view, AP see and odontoid see (open-mouth). The sidelong radiograph is the above all else identification procedure of cervical spine wounds. Be that as it may, the AP see and odontoid see are acted on account of no conspicuous breaks saw in sidelong view. In this radiograph, persistent requirements to keep up the cervical immobilization until the rehashed radiographs are gotten and distinguishable. In conclusion, on account of no crack or injury distinguished by over three plain radiographs then flexion and augmentation radiographs are utilized to recognize conceivable injury (4,5). (4) showed that CT examine is commonly utilized for cervical wounds identification when plain radiography neglects to identify the wounds and clinical indications despite everything exist. The CT filter are explicitly helpful for identification of neurologic deformities, cervical channel breaks and so forth further, MRI techniques are followed if there should arise an occurrence of delicate tissues, intervertebral circles, tendons, spinal string and epidural wounds. Radiologic Features The radiographic highlights of disturbance to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue hidden injury get commonly imagined in the horizontal radiograph. The event of any interruption will prompt imperfections in front vertebral, back vertebral and spinolaminar locale. The expansion in delicate tissue retropharyngeal district is seen as the result of discharge or oedema happening because of cracks or separation. On account of wedge-pressure cracks, there is a distinction in front and back stature (increment or abatement) of vertebral body saw as the radiographic component. In kids pseudodosubluxation at C2/C3 locale prompts the back advance of more than 2mm happening due to tendons laxity. Further, the radiologic highlights of the condition in AP radiograph include one-sided aspect joint disengagement if there should arise an occurrence of bifid in spinous procedures. Further, on account of foremost cervical separation there is a more extensive separation between spinous procedures. In conclusion, in open mouth radiograph, there are harms in C1 and C2 area because of breaks where the parallel masses of C1 overhang C2 demonstrating burst crack. Further, there is Mach impact saw due to imitating of breaks if there should arise an occurrence of ancient rarities (4,5). Treatment Options The Disruption to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue basic injury require prehospital, crisis division and conference medications just as the board. As prehospital care in the event of suspected injury neck developments bolster office. Balance out the patient with backboard semirigid neckline where the neck is settled with froth squares or sand sacks taped side to side of the backboard over the temple. References Caron T, Bransford R, Nguyen Q, Agel J, Chapman J, Bellabarba C. Spine breaks in patients with ankylosing spinal issue. Spine. 2010 May 15;35(11):E458-64. https://www.firstlightwebdesign.com/H. The Cervical Spine. Imageinterpretation.co.uk. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.imageinterpretation.co.uk/cervical.php Imaging of the Cervical Spine. Prescription ed.virginia.edu. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/cspine/technique7.html The Radiology Assistant : Spine - Cervical injury. Radiologyassistant.nl. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p49021535146c5/spine-cervical-injury.html X-beam Skills 2: Cervical Spine X-beam Interpretation. Calsprogram.org. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://calsprogram.org/manual/volume2/Section10_XraySkills/03-XraySk2CerSpineXrayInterp13.html Schroeder GD, Kwon BK, Eck JC, Savage JW, Hsu WK, Patel AA. Study of cervical spine explore society individuals on the utilization of high-portion steroids for intense spinal line wounds. Spine. 2014 May 20;39(12):971-7.

Funding your education at SIPA part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Funding your education at SIPA part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While a limited number of SIPA admits are offered direct funding (for year one), a higher percentage of SIPA students â€" typically half or more â€" are funded for their second year of study.   Currently, the average second year award is an assistantship that provides approximately half of tuition, and consists of both tuition credits (a scholarship) and salary for part-time employment at SIPA.   Some students with assistantships work in SIPA offices or as research assistants with academic departments, institutes or faculty; others are appointed as teaching assistants, and those TA positions pay more and also include a stipend payment at the start of each term for indirect expenses such as textbooks and living expenses. Some first year students will receive a renewable scholarship, and if qualified may also receive an assistantship in addition to their scholarship in their second year of study. The application deadline for second year awards is typically late February or early March, and the Office of Student Affairs will hold an information session prior to that, early in the spring semester, at which you will have the opportunity to learn more about available positions, eligibility criteria, and the selection process.

A Brief Note On The Ford Motor Company - 1438 Words

Part 1 Specialisation is a scheme of production, where firms have people focusing on one certain part of the product. For example, in a company that makes toothpaste, one person screws on the cap, one person packs them into a box, one person transports it, and so on. These people are specialised in their field of experience, therefore given that certain task to complete. Division of labour, and specilaisation are very similar, they both relate to giving certain tasks to certain specialised people to improve the performance and speed of the good or service. The Ford Motor Company, used methods as such to help the process of building cars. Henry Ford founded it on 16th June 1903. Before the automated assembly line was invented, a group of workers would sit and manually fix part onto the car. This is an example of specialisation. Only a few cars were built each day. When the automated assembly line was introduced, the productivity of this company soared. (â€Å"History Channel,  "This Day In History†). Ever since, companies have become efficient in producing product and services for consumers, because the automated assembly line has become a huge benefit in terms of quantity, and a lot of cases, quality. Production overall as we know it today, has become extremely modern, fast, reliable and can do many more things, ever since the automated production line has been popularized. Henry Ford came up with brilliant ideas, for the production line. His concept for this was extremelyShow MoreRelatedDoes Business Have Any Social Responsibility?1538 Words   |  7 Pagesfavorite topics of politicians and public interest groups. Congress often offers tax breaks to companies that incorporate social responsibility into their mission. Almost all colleges teach a class of some form of social responsibility in a corporate world. In 1992, a formation of 51 companies created Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) (Business for Social Responsibility, n.d.). One company that has been with BSR from the beginning is Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream. Ben Cohen was featured inRead MoreAlignment Of Hrm And Business Strategies1192 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch that Ford motors is a multinational company operating in many different parts of America. Their cars are included in world’s most familiar cars. Ford Company is a composition of eight different companies, which are categorized into three different heads; first are Japanese cars, which fall under the name of Mazda, second is the American cars, which are under Ford, Mercury, and Lincoln. Third group of Ford Company comprises on European cars. Altogether, it makes Ford Motors, the world’s secondRead MoreProposed Recruitment Strategy For This Exercise1033 Words   |  5 Pagesskills and relevant industry understanding, have been demonstrated. They are identified as relevant roles in the Target Companies – as defined by an agreed Target Company list. FIRST STEPS As part of the first steps after appointment to an assignment, Manam would work with Gason management to formalise two documents: ï‚ § A Position Description ï‚ § A Person Specification Note: Developing a clear understanding of Gason’s requirements on business, management and team culture and personal values isRead MoreKia in South Korea Porters Diamond2219 Words   |  9 PagesKorean, started out making bicycles prior to World War II (Kia Motors Corporation, 2008). The company developed the manufacturing of steel bicycle tubing into a multi-national corporation producing cars and trucks. Prior to merging with Hyundai in 1998, Kia was the second largest producer of vehicles in South Korea (Kia Motors Corporation – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Kia Motors Corporation, 2008). Examining Kia’s transformation in a countryRead MoreThe Effect Of Lean Production On A Process Plant Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesProduction, Process plant, Definition, Applications, Benefits, Conclusion 1. Definition Any activity in a process, which does not add value to the customer, is called ‘waste’. Sometimes the waste is a necessary part of the process and adds value to the company and this cannot be eliminated, e.g., financial controls. Lean production is based on the principles and working processes of the Toyota Production System (TPS), and has been defined as doing more with less. In its simplest terms, lean productionRead MoreFord Motor Company: Supply Chain Management and Strategic Fit3663 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Ford Motor Company Supply Chain Management and Strategic Fit University of Arkansas Fall Second Session 2011 Supply Chain Management for Operations Managers Written by: Albert Carter For: Instructor Nia Wright December 9, 2011 Abstract This report covers the performance of Ford Motor Company over the past 10 years and analyzes the results of its â€Å"One Ford† business plan. The main question this report answers is whether Ford’s resent actions match the supply chain strategy of theRead MoreGm vs Ford11134 Words   |  45 PagesGeneral Motors Co Strategic and Financial Analysis ADVANCED CORPORATE FINANCE April 22, 2012 Authored by: Ana Romero, Roshan Picardo, Carlos Castro, Shikhar Agarwal 0 General Motors Co Strategic and Financial Analysis Executive Summary This report provides an evaluation of strategic and financial evolution of General Motors Company (GM) in the last ten years. Events like the global economic recession lead to a deep restructuring of the firm, filling for bankruptcy and a government bailoutRead MoreSwot Analysis of Hyundai Motor China12360 Words   |  50 PagesCase: IB-91 Date: 09/24/08 HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY IN CHINA At the turn of the twenty-first century, Korea‟s Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) announced ambitious plans to become a global leader in the automotive industry, and established plants in various parts of the world, including Europe, India, and North America. In 2002, HMC turned its attention to China, one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growing economies. China‟s burgeoning demand for automobiles was forecast to become the world‟s third-largest―evenRead MoreAutomotive Industry Analysis in the Us13024 Words   |  53 Pagesunderstanding of the automotive industry as a whole in its current state. Next, ten representative companies of varying sizes are analyzed and compared; the chosen companies and selection criteria follow. General Motors, Ford, and Toyota were chosen because they are the current market leaders. DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Volkswagen, and Honda were chosen because of their status as stable international companies who have been in the automobile business for many years. Hyundai, Maruti Udyog, and ShanghaiRead MoreAutomobile in Bangladesh8267 Words   |  34 Pagesfor get ride from this problem we have to developing.our automobile side here,I disscuss about problem of developing automobile, Key word: automobile, Introduction: An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportin passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally

Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels - 1224 Words

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were asked to write a manifesto for a group that they had recently been accepted into, a group known as the â€Å"Communist League,† a group of activists that met in London. Marx and Engels – though Engels primarily took care of editing and revising, Marx did a large amount of the writing – would write The Communist Manifesto for this group. After the manifesto was published, it became one of the most well-known as well as influential pieces of philosophy, and is the reason that â€Å"Marxism† exists today. Summary The Communist Manifesto covers a variety of topics, the first and most prominent is likely class struggles. Marx explains in immense detail the unfair relationships between the bourgeoisie and the proletarians and communists. He talks about how these class separations and struggles should be abolished. Equality of opportunity is another big thing that is discussed throughout the book, as well as dealing majorly with class struggle. Marx brings point after point, argument after argument about the necessary equality among people, with a view stating that everybody should work among other things leading to equality among all groups. As the former two reasons may provide reasoning for this, Marx was strong about a revolution. Marx was not okay with the way that society was, and wanted a change he felt was necessary. Going even further than simple equality, Marx also touched on a proletarian dictatorship. More than just bringing the bourgeoisieShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Friedrich Engel s974 Words   |  4 Pagesno document has had such far reaching effect as Karl Marx’s, Communist Manifesto. The Communist Manifesto, hereafter referred to as the CM, was published in London, 1848 and served as the culmination of the collaboration between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The CM was to serve as the basis for the communist platform, a political system which, in Marx’s and Engel’s view, served as the final destination in the natural progression of society. Marx attributed this progression to the idea that â€Å"classRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels1626 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the infamous villains of capitalism, were authors who wrote The Communist Manifesto. Their theory argues that class struggles or the exploitation of one class by another will give rise to a new world order in which society as a whole will take control of their own destines. This involves the battles between the proletarians and bourgeoisie, communism and democracy, and final capitalism and socialism. However, since the times of Marx and Engel communism has been slowlyRead MoreKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels1940 Words   |  8 PagesNow days Karl Marx is still consider one of the most significant and influential thinkers of all times. Karl Marx with the help of Engel’s, which was also a political philosopher were the fathers of communist or socialism which was almost establish successfully in Russia. They provided a complex and philosophical analysis of capitalist societies which is still influencing major changes in the societies. Marx opposed to the principles of capitalism and considers that it was an economic system controlRead MoreCommunism Created By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels799 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and form of government that has been used all over the world. It was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the most part it has failed to build stable and prosperous nations. What fact ors caused communism to fail? Can we identify those factors and avoid it entirely? We must try to, and preserve our successful form of government. The creators of communism are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 into a well off German family. He eventually attended universityRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government can do that is acceptable. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, in which he argues that people are naturally immoral and will do what they can, whether good or bad, to maintain well-liked. In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the main argument is that humans are rational and would be able to govern themselves as a result of have one single class. When thoroughly analyzing each of the political works, it is clear that the main motivating factors behind eachRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Communist Manifesto† – the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was published on February 21, 1848. This book is the fir st document of scientific communism and the first program of the international communist organizations and parties. It is the most systematic work of all thoughts and great teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† consists of the main statements of the materialistic conception of history, the impartial laws of social development, the laws ofRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to begin explaining Communism and its goals. The Manifesto suggests that history acts according to what is called â€Å"class struggle.† The â€Å"means of production† are what truly defines the class relationships according to Marx and Engels (Marx 2002). Inevitably, the classes conflict and become hostile, no longer moving fluidly (Spalding 2000). The Manifesto states that this conflict becomes so severe that it eventually become s a revolutionRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1137 Words   |  5 PagesBoth authors Frederick Douglass and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels focus on the topic of freedom. Both authors argue that they are being oppressed. However, this is where the similarities end. Engels and Marx believed that capitalism was a social system used by the proletariats to oppress the bourgeoisie, and that the only way to be free was to fight back against the system. On the other hand, Frederick Douglass focuses more on his individual story and his struggle for freedom, while he tries toRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words   |  10 Pagesmeeting, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became known as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto r epresents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levels of education. After reading the newly edited document by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels there isRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Hilt November 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views

Sports Drinks Industry Analysis Free Essays

Executive Summary We have noticed an increasing number of businesses catering to the recent rise of a new target market: the health-conscious consumer. At Nike, our goal has always been to give consumers what they want now, as well as to anticipate their future tastes, and to thus tailor our strategy to accommodate those tastes. We have recognized an unfilled market potential in the non-carbonated energizing sports drink arena, thus developing an entirely new product category. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Drinks Industry Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our branding strategy is to enter the market by carving a new niche of protein-enriched energizing sports drinks. Our objective is to educate consumers about the new drink, as well as to make a profit and gain market share in the industry. We hope that by being market leaders, our name will become synonymous with the new drink category, and will aid in our sustaining a competitive advantage over the copy-cats that are sure to flock the market after the new products’ introduction and subsequent success. Our primary target market is 18-34 year old females who will use our sports drink whenever they needed a boost: at work, in the gym, or just when they felt like it. The secondary target market is 18-34 year old males who fall into much the same socio-cultural and economic category as the primary target market. The Nike Motion energy drink will be positioned as a high-end item, costing $2 per environmentally-friendly can. It will come in a variety of fruit flavors and will boast the replenishment of electrolytes and other essential vitamins and minerals. We hope that high-frequency mass market penetration using multi-media advertisements will spread the word and raise awareness about Nike Motion. National distribution will follow in supermarkets, pharmacies, health food stores, and gourmet retailers. The Nike brand name, accompanied by its strong brand image, will differentiate the product and maintain its popularity via the market leader and differentiation strategy the company has chosen. [2. 0] Environmental Analysis Economic Trends: The X and Y generations, our target markets, comprise about 110 million people of the United States population. They are, generally speaking, well-educated, and earn relatively higher incomes, thus allowing for much of their disposable income to be spent on health-oriented products, such as the new beverage we are planning to launch, Nike Motion. Neither positive, nor negative economic trends, such as changes in interest rates, inflation, DGP, etc. are not likely to have a significant impact on our product, since it’s not a high priced luxury item whose demand would be affected by theses factors. The quality of sports drinks consumed doesn’t really depend on the income of the consumers, since these are relatively inexpensive, everyday products. As a general trend however it is worth mentioning that the economy as a whole is growing in the United States as well as in other parts of the world, allowing for an ever increasing standard of living. Cultural and Demographic Trends: Socio-culturally, our target market is health-conscious and youth-oriented. The individuals comprising our target market of 18-34 year old men and women, are generally perceived as individualistic, with a focus on making healthy decisions via food choices (salad bars and the organics market have boomed), and exercise (from going on athletics-oriented vacations, to spending lunch hours in the gym). There is also a change in the lifestyle of Americans, and people around the world: fast paced, always on the go, eating out and socializing more. These people rarely have the time to cook at home, decreasing the regularity of consuming healthy meals. One of the best alternatives of getting the needed vitamins and nutrition is via healthy beverages, such as Nike Motion. The U. S. population’s general aversion to high calorie, high sugar, and high carbohydrate beverages will likely be beneficial to our new product. Demographically, a traditional family structure is becoming less typical, with an increasing number of couples co-habitating without being married, lower birth-rates, and a greater concentration on health and weight maintenance. As a result of these trends, consumption of youth-oriented products has grown as people strive to be in good shape. The Nike Motion energizing sports drink will provide the energy these people need to accomplish their objectives. Ethnic trends are likewise changing, with baby boomers retiring, and an increasing young Latino population emerging, along with an influx of Asians. The Hispanic population, becoming the largest minority segment in 2002, has grown 70 percent over the past decade to approximately 37 million (14. 1 percent of the U. S. population). These youths lead fast-paced lifestyles, frequently juggling school, work, and personal lives. For the younger generation, regardless of ethnic background, feeling tired is not an option. The popularity of the sports and energy drinks has proven this fact. We at Nike thus believe that Nike Motion will be a tremendous success, appealing to a health-conscious population with our alluring natural ingredients, while simultaneously satis fying the increasing need for energizing products. Political and Legal Environment: The political environment could have a significant effect on us if we were to market Nike Motion in foreign countries. Constant changes in exchange rates and political systems are important to keep in mind. As to the legal environment, each and every firm operates in nations of laws and rules that have to be obeyed. Coca Cola recently got into trouble due to an advertising message in which they, allegedly, portrayed Gatorade in an unfavorable light. The case was settled outside of court, but has cost millions of dollars for Coke. 2 Physical Environment and Technological Trends: The current physical environment, especially in metropolitan areas such as large cities, is very much conducive to the use of our product. Available in a large number of various retailers, our goal is to be the Starbucks of sports drinks – on every corner, there when you need it. Retailers stocking our product will be dispersed throughout the city, with a significant concentration in areas of business and entertainment (for example, in the downtown financial district, as well as near the Broadway theaters), as well as near learning centers and gyms. We want to make sure that Nike Motion is widely distributed and readily available, both to impulse shoppers, as well as for the more traditional type of buyer. Changes in technology may lower entry barriers and create new product processes. To enter the sports drink industry, large capital investments are required for production facilities, marketing, and etcetera. Technological changes, such as the internet, can create additional possibilities for promotion, via viral campaigns via the internet and emails that are so popular with our target market. Global Trends: Due to advances in technology and communication, we can safely say that the world has never been as united as it is currently. The internet, along with television, and to a lesser degree, radio, have served as outlets for disseminating cultural views, and incorporating adaptations of traditional ethnic ideas and beliefs into the mainstream, both within a country and internationally. Products ranging from clothing to music to the culinary arts have become widely accepted. We feel that sports drinks fall into this global category as well. From Europe to Latin America to the United States, lifestyles are becoming faster-paced (though to varying degrees) and are influencing the demand for products that will accommodate such consumer choices. In the last year alone, sales of sports drinks have increased by 10%. 3 [3. 0] Mission Statement Nike’s mission states: â€Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete. † Nike Motion, the new protein infused energy drink brought to you by Nike, targets the athlete in us all, whether you are on the track or on the couch, by providing hydration and energy with essential vitamins, minerals, and exotic herbs, proven to enhance performance, raise energy levels, as well as enhance mental agility. Nike motion is crucial for both body and mind. [4. 0] Market / Industry / Competition Analysis Competition Analysis of Sports Drink Industry Sports drinks experienced a remarkable growth in the late 1990s and early 2000s, growing almost 56 percent between 1997 and 2002. As a result of this increase in demand for sports drinks, a large number of products started flooding the market. This influx, however, is controlled by a limited number of established and powerful companies, namely Gatorade and Powerade. Gatorade, produced by PepsiCo, is a market leader, boasting 80 percent market share. Its chief competitor, Powerade (produced by Coca Cola), accounts for 19 percent of the remaining sports drink market. PepsiCo’s market share however is not safe. Since 2002, its share declined by 4 percent, while Coke’s Powerade grew by nearly 30 percent. 4 Most of the industry’s growth is driven by reaching new demographics, including ethnic groups, children and more serious exercisers. Attempts by other companies to market sports drinks have often failed, or achieved considerably less success than the existing players. Nike, in an attempt to avoid territorial battles, plans to carve a new niche, the energizing sports drinks with various essential nutrients, thus emerging as a market leader in this new category. As mentioned previously, given its established, strong brand image, and its association with everything healthy, such a move should not prove impossible. Porter’s Competitive Forces According to Porter’s Five Competitive Forces, the power of suppliers is low because the ingredients used, as well as the packaging, are commodities that can be easily substituted, and therefore do not involve high switching costs. The market is not dominated by a few large suppliers, but is rather fragmented, allowing for price competition. The power of buyers is medium, because even though there are many buyers, some of them are rather powerful. There is little chance that existing customers would integrate backwards. Sports drinks are differentiated products but can be replaced by a limited number of substitutes, water being the biggest threat. The consumers, according to trends in the macro environment will increasingly search for sports drinks on the store shelves. The small number of firms makes for a high degree of rivalry, with a few large companies competing amongst themselves, as well as vying to establish a significant foothold in order to prevent smaller firms from entering the market. The energy and sports drink products are thus differentiated, and vary in more than just price. The threat of new entrants is low to medium due to the fact that the attractive high-growth industry of sports drinks has very high barriers to entry; namely, it is capital intensive, requiring a lot of marketing and advertising of these products, discussing their benefits, as well as positioning them apart from the rest. Likewise, it necessitates large economies of scale in production. Such resources are difficult to achieve, and if marketing to the masses, it is something only large, wealthy companies can achieve. The threat of substitutes in this arena is quite high, in that the products currently on the market often differ in little other than brand and consumer perception. The switching costs from one brand to another are virtually zero, but companies can succeed if they’re able to retain their loyal customer bases. [4. 0] Summary of marketing activity in the industry Pricing strategy It is safe to state that there are no significant pricing differences among the brands, they are competitively priced. Both Gatorade and Powerade sell at about $1. 50-2. 00 for a 32 oz. bottle, depending on the location and on the type of retailer. There are really no pricing wars in this industry, since consumers are very brand loyal. Looking at the distribution channels, we can see that these sports drinks are sold at most retailers that sell groceries and other beverages. Retailers include: supermarkets, delis, vending machines, street vendors, cafeterias at gyms, etcetera. We see a potential advantage in selling Nike Motion at existing Nike outlets, such as sporting goods stores, and in Nike’s flagship stores, Niketowns, that are located in major cities around the world. Advertising and Promotions When discussing advertising and promotional strategies, we have to note that even the most successful companies need advertising and other promotional vehicles to further the success of their brands. Sports drink makers, given the degree of competition in the industry are doing just this. Gatorade spent $180 million on advertisements last year while Powerade spent less than $20 million, per Nielsen Monitor-Plus. Since these sports drinks primarily target health-conscious consumers and athletes, some of the most important promotional vehicles include sponsorship of sporting events, and signing of top athletes for promotional deals. Coca Cola was, for example, the official sponsor of the summer Olympic Games in Athens with its Powerade Drink. â€Å"We f ocus on niche audiences of top athletes, either through major events such as the Olympics, close relationships with sporting bodies, or by working with sports experts to produce targeted advertorial,’ says a Coca-Cola spokeswoman. ‘Consumer education is key,’ she adds. 6 Powerade earlier launched an online version of its LeBron James comic in its quest to position the brand as the sports drink for the next generation. A first for Coke and its partner DC Comics, the interactive site included flash technology and voice-overs by Mr. James across 12 Webisodes, as well as an instant win component and video games. 7 Gatorade on the other hand is the official sponsor of the National Football League, the official sports drink of the National Basketball Association, WNBA, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer and a host of others around the world. In all, Gatorade has struck roughly 900 sponsorship deals with sports events over time, according to tracking by the IEG Sponsorship Report. Gatorade also will sponsor branded content during the National Basketball Association’s playoffs on ESPN, TNT and FSN networks. On TNT, broadcast personalities will air live sideline segments dubbed â€Å"Heard Around the Cooler† about game strategy, injuries, statistics and other insights, while ESPN will air branded â€Å"Cooler Talk† segments on its â€Å"Sports Center. † Challenges One of the biggest challenges these companies face is the problem of attracting more female consumers. According to the Mintel International Group, an industry observer, consumption patterns always leaned heavily toward males, but the trend showed signs of changing as more female teens reportedly were drinking more and more sports drinks. This reflected female teens’ ongoing interest in losing weight and increasing interest in exercise. 8 Sports beverage producers also began targeting the fast-growing Hispanic population. Gatorade’s Xtremo! was the first to appeal to this potential market with a line of more exotic and tropical flavors including mango and tropical. The effort was supported by bilingual packaging and Spanish-language advertising. Coca-Cola’s Powerade brand also began using Spanish-language advertising to tap into this market. We think that the most important industry factors that will be influential in our planning is the degree of competition that we’re hoping to offset with powerful and wide-reaching marketing campaigns. As I’ve mentioned earlier, there is a very high level of competition especially between Gatorade and Powerade. Both these companies spend millions of dollars on building their brands and their loyal customer base. We can see, however, a slight difference between the promotional techniques of the two. Gatorade is more centered on the top-athlete, while Powerade tries to depict a more cutting-edge picture that appeals primarily to the iPod generation. There might be another niche that is underserved, and that could be just what Nike Motion needs. An underserved niche, such as women and men of Generation X and Generation Y, might have a need for nutritious, on-the-go beverages that fit into their busy life-styles. Nike could target these niches successfully due to its existing brand image. [5. 0] Marketing Objective The Nike brand is a well known brand, its swoosh is one of the most recognizable signs out there, having established brand loyalty among many. Based on our market research, the brand extension of Nike Motion would have great potential for being the next great beverage among athletes and non-athletes. We would pursue a mass market penetration strategy for a saturated market, while still allowing for a vast opportunity in high profits and gaining market share due to Nike’s brand recognition. Our primary objective is to create product awareness among the target audience by 30 percent in one year and our secondary objective would be to increase market share. We would also want to inform our target audience about the features and benefits of our product and its competitive advantage, leading to a 10 percent increase in sales in one year. Many individuals are unaware of Nike’s new brand extension of a sports drink. Therefore we would pursue a high reach and high frequency strategy in our advertising in order to have maximum exposure. In order to accomplish this we would conduct a SWOT analysis to gain a better understanding of our target market and market segment. We want to achieve this objective by using secondary and primary research to get an in depth understanding of our target and to formulate a strategy to develop our campaign. Based on our research, trends and attitudes are moving toward health conscious products. How to cite Sports Drinks Industry Analysis, Essays

Food Microbiology for Cheese and E coli - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFood Microbiology for Cheese and E coliContamination. Answer: Microbiology of E coli E coli is a gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria, which is found in the lower intestine of living organisms. E coli have certain serotypes which causes serious harm in the hosts and is responsible for food poisoning. E coli contamination has been associated to products produces in large scale and has led to food recalls due to the contamination already caused, (Vogit Dippold, 2005). Normally there are strains of E Coli which are harmless, they are referred to as normal flora and produce vitamin k2 in their hosts, (Haudault et al, 2001), and is essential in preventing colonization process in the intestines. The genesis of E Coli is from faecal matter and is expelled from the environment whereby it causes contamination. The bacteria nourishes well in faecal matter for a period of 3 days, (Russell Javis, 2001). Thus E coli is attributed to many disease which include cholecystisis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections among other diseases. Clinical presentation of E Coli E coli being a gram negative anaerobic makes ATP and at the same time switch to fermentation in the absence of oxygen. They exist in the intestines of humans and animals. Harmful E Coli are often pathogenic and can cause illness through causing diarrhoea or illness outside the intestinal path. Diarrhoea causing E coli can be transmitted in water or food or through contact with animals or people. The Shiga toxin producing E Coli or Verocytotoxin producing E Coli is the most common heard type of infection and has been associated with food borne outbreaks. The toxin referred to shiga causes damages the intestines linings. The bad strain identified as O157:H7 can make people very sick. It is associated with abdominal; pains, cramps and blood in the diarrheal flow. At times it is responsible for acute kidney failure among children. Further it is associated with bleeding, confusion, seizures or bleeding. Cheese and E coli contamination Raw milk has been found to contain various germs such as the bacteria, viruses and paracistes.raw milk has not yet undergone pasteurization that is heated to specific temperature for set amount of time in order to destroy harmful germs. Thus raw milk is unpasteurized and can contain harmful germs which include campylobacteria, E Coli, Listeria and Slamonnela, (Mathews et al., 2006). Thus cheese can cause E Coli due to the raw product of which is milk which is not pasteurized. Thus cheese from unpasteurized milk cause the E coli contamination if the bacteria strains are present in the milk, thus is a risk factor for shiga toxins, (Lejeune et al.,2001). Critical control points of cheese production include raw milk obtained from the animals. The six steps in cheese production include acidification, coagulation, curd and whey, salting, shaping and ripening. The critical steps which can bring contamination include acidification and coagulation steps. Primary and Secondary infections of E Coli E coli can be contaminated in other substances like water. Contact with water from a person who has E Coli could affect and have an impact on infection. Further these individuals could have had contact from one another especially from infected individuals, (Williams et al, 2005). Primary infections of E Coli include intake of untreated milk that is if one consume unpasteurized milk, intake of fruits and vegetables washed using contaminated water, consumption of her foods and beverages which might be contaminated. Secondary infection can entail drinking water which is contaminated, contact from infected persons or contact from animals already contaminated with the bacteria. Other indirect sources include the use of chopping board that has uncooked meant and contact with raw foods like salad. E Coli O157 PT21/28 E Coli O157 is common name which means shared by cattle and it is the main reservoir of human causing infections. The PT refers to Phage type 21/28 as a subtype of E coli. The PT refers to the cases upon diagnosis and classification which refers to 21 cases in 28 disease. It is used to describe the disease further and give a more elaborate meaning. Identification of E Coli O157, is arrived at using the latex reagents which include O157 antibody coated latex and control latex. The isolation process being undertaken in O157 agglutination is identified through biochemical means of confirmation, (Kruger et al., 2006). Lab confirmation and determination has to utilise with patients who present diarrhoea. The stool specimens include whole, stool, swabs. With this approach specimens should be taken immediately, (Lindstedt et al., 2004). MLVA profiling of O157 Multi locus variable number tandem repat analysis is an established technique, which is established under the sub typing and getting the genetic diversity of STEC. It is an established technique to sub type E Coli O157, MLVA is a PCR based sub type method that is used to discriminate the strains of different of bacteria based on the tandems, (LLucchesi et al., 2006). The modern molecular bacterial sequencing has been utilised under polymorophic molecular markets such as the Varibelk Number Tandem Repeats or the MLVA in a rapid and specific way to discriminate on the different serotype using the PCR Amplification tool, (Murphy et al., 2008). Linking evidence The cheese being made in Astone market could be linked to E Colli infection, as it was observed to be common in the production process. The results obtained shows that E coli bacteria could have potential systemic infection and contaminate the final products. This evidence can be supported with the fact that cheese is produced from raw milk which could be a direct linked for E Colli contamination. Thus is supported with the 26 cases of same strain being identified among patients. Reference Hudault, S., Guignot, J., Servin, A. L. (2001). Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice againstSalmonella typhimuriuminfection. Gut, 49(1), 47-55. Krger, A., Padola, N. L., Parma, A. E., Lucchesi, P. M. (2006). Intraserotype diversity among Argentinian verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Journal of medical microbiology, 55(5), 545-549. LeJeune, J. T., Besser, T. E., Hancock, D. D. (2001). Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs ofEscherichia coli O157. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(7), 3053-3057. Lindstedt B.A., Vardund T., L., Kapperud G. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of Escherichia coli O157 using PCR multiplexing and multicolored capillary electrophoresis. J Microbiol Methods. 2004;58:213222. Lucchesi, P. M., Krger, A., Parma, A. E. (2006). Distribution of saa gene variants in verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and food. Research in microbiology, 157(3), 263-266. Matthews, L., Low, J. C., Gally, D. L., Pearce, M. C., Mellor, D. J., Heesterbeek, J. A. P., ... Gunn, G. J. (2006). Heterogeneous shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and its implications for control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 547-552. Murphy, M., Minihan, D., Buckley, J. F., O'Mahony, M., Whyte, P., Fanning, S. (2008). Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Irish verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from feedlot cattle: uncovering strain dissemination routes. BMC veterinary research, 4(1), 2. Russell, J. B., Jarvis, G. N. (2001). Practical mechanisms for interrupting the oral-fecal lifecycle of Escherichia coli. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3(2), 265-272.. Vogt, R. L., Dippold, L. (2005). Escherichia coli O157: H7 outbreak associated with consumption of ground beef, JuneJuly 2002. Public health reports, 120(2), 174-178. Williams, A. P., Avery, L. M., Killham, K., Jones, D. L. (2005). Persistence of Escherichia coli O157 on farm surfaces under different environmental conditions. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98(5), 1075-1083.

Functions of Information Technology security Community In Responding to Security Incidents

Social Realism essays

Social Realism essays Social realism, in art, describes both a specific stylistic approach and an overall attitude toward the subject. Social realism aims toward the not so lovely part of life. Its goal is not to amuse but to show the observer the evils of poverty , immorality and war. Social Realists believed that paintings should describe and express the people, their problems and their times. The roots of social realism lie in the 18th century. Some of the artists involved in the start of social realism are William Hogarth, Francisco de Goya and Honor Daumier. William Hogarth attacked drunkenness and foolish extravagance with his engravings of the 1730's to the '50's. Goya had a series of horrifying etchings titled The Disasters of War. Daumier had satiricial lithographs of the 1830's to '40's, that reflect deep social concern. Social realism painting declined, in France, after the 1860's which was the time it became important in Great Britian. Sir Luke Fildes's Applicants for Admission to a Casual Ward, Frank Holl's Newgate: Committed for Trial, and Hubert Herkomer's Pressing to the West depict grimy scenes of urban poverty. In the 1900's the British social realist tradition was carried on in the United States by the Ashcan school. After 1920 its emphasis was carried on by several major American painters. Ben Shahn was one of the artists in the 1920's and early '30's. He showed laborers and other victims of the Depression as well as scenes of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial and execution. Also Ivan Albright and Edward Hopper focused on the isolation of individual people in a society. ...

Analyze federalism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyze federalism - Research Paper Example Federalism has the quality of holding local pride, ethnicities and supremacy, while letting the central government to manage common issues. In the United States, ‘federal government’ is generally assumed to bring up entirely the national government in Washington1. Federalism With Respect To Execution and Administration of Policy One of the most compound subdivisions of federalism analysis is that of political economic federalism. It includes federal bodies’ monetary situations and their political background. Incorporation with the global economy, impacts the cost-benefit analysis of federalism. The advantage of federalism is that it slices out variety within a nation, so that citizens can choose a place to move on which meets their requirements for policies such as taxation and consumer goods among others. Incorporation with global economy can raise expenses of regionalization if significant governments are permitted to use the status of the central government2. T he federalist system in the USA enjoys shared power between federal, state and local governments and involves a requirement for cooperation, harmonization, and interaction. In the American federalism system, the local governments possess most of the discretions and responsibilities for emergency and disaster management where federal organizations are envisioned to deliver monetary support and resources. State governments act as intercessor by enabling the operations of federal policies regarding emergency and disaster management at the local level3. Role Of Three Branches Of Federal Government The constitution comprises of a system which separates the authority where three branches of federal government can scrutinize and balance the role of each other. The three branches of federal government are ‘Executive branch’, ‘Legislative branch’ and ‘Judicial branch’4. Executive Branch: Executive branch comprises of the President, Vice President, and o ther Cabinet Officials such as State Secretary, Treasury Secretary, Defense Secretary and Labor Secretary among others. These officials are appointed by President and together they make up the executive branch. The role of executive branch is to implement the commandments4. Legislative Branch: The legislative branch comprises of the ‘Senate’ and ‘House of Representatives’. The most important role of legislative branch is to make the rules, regulations and laws. It is the duty of legislative branch to decide the policies and how the federal money can be used for the benefits of the country4. Judicial Branch: The judicial branch comprises of the Supreme Court as well as other courts. The judicial branch clarifies the implication of constitution and commandments that are issued by legislative branch. The role of judicial branch is to interpret the regulations and punish the criminals and the lawbreakers4. Interaction And Intersection Of Three Branches With Sta te Governments People interact regularly with the state governments. State governments comprise of police divisions, libraries, education and issuing licenses among others. Each state government has its own written structure and those are far more elegant compared to the federal equivalents. According to the 10th amendment of American constitution, each and every authority reserved for state government is not allowed to the federal government5. Executive Branch:

The Major Attributes of the Fisher & Paykel Brands Essay

The Major Attributes of the Fisher & Paykel Brands - Essay Example According to the paper Fisher & Paykel have been successful in building their brand through the Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model of consistently delivering on high quality. Their cutting edge design won them a household name. This model identifies four steps which denotes questions asked by the customers as diagrammatically illustrated below. This paper highlights that the second stage is mainly concerned with establishing brand meaning. Customers may not be at liberty to buy something they do not understand hence the need to link brand with certain properties. The third question is about brand response where responses to identification and meaning are sought. The fourth question is about relationship where brand loyalty is created. The DCS developed its brand equity through building strong associations between a brand name and a category or set of benefits based on the CBBE model. On the other hand, ELBA developed through a consistent imagery through the use of the same model by Fisher and Paykel. This model is very important because it seeks to identify the stages involved in the creation of brand loyalty from grassroots level. The benefits and advantages of using social communications or public relations (PR) as part of Fisher & Paykel’s integrated marketing communications strategy for rejuvenating the brand inc lude the following.

The Arguments For Compulsory Voting Politics Essay

The Arguments For Compulsory Voting Politics Essay Using the definition of democracy as tied to the concepts of liberty, equality, legitimacy, and active citizenship, this paper analyzes whether or not compulsory voting is consistent with the fundamental principles of democracy. The argument for liberty would suggest that compulsory voting is principally undemocratic because the freedom of choice must necessarily include the freedom not to choose (Lever 2009, 3). Because democracy highly values individual freedom, as de Tocqueville suggests, the act of forcing individuals to vote with corresponding sanction for non-compliance is clearly a violation of liberty. While the libertarian argument does not discount the benefits of compulsory voting per se, such as higher turnout rates (Lijphart, 1997, 10), these perceived advantages cannot justify government encroachment on individual liberties. A government that values democracy values individual freedom and cannot compel its citizens to vote when it is not in the latters best interest to do so. The concept of voluntariness and the emphasis on individual freedom is a staple of American democracy (de Tocqueville 2003). Because voting is a political right, it must be left to the individual to choose to exercise or n ot to exercise. It eventually boils down to providing that option for the individual to voluntarily choose, free from government interference. From the standpoint of civil liberties, the right not to vote is a form of speech that is protected under the First Amendment (Matsler 2003, 960). This has an accompanying right not to speak as well. Remaining silent when doing so is for your best interest is a statement by itself. Likewise, the choice not to vote is a form of political statement that is enshrined under the First Amendment and needs protection. Forcing an individual to vote would be likened to the state violating that individuals right to the First Amendment. Because the government is compelling the individual to be subject to an array of choices they face at the polling station, the government may be silencing the more informative political statement they intend to make by staying away from the polls and choosing not to participate (Evler 2009, 32). Compulsory voting then, not only violates a major civil liberty (the right to free speech and freedom of expression), the state also endangers its own representativeness because it fails to respect the rights of electors to choose not to participate. From the philosophical standpoint, the issue of whether or not voting should be compelled among individuals is contrary to the aims of liberty, which according to Mill (1999, 34) prioritizes self-interest first, and self-government, second. Political participation goes hand in hand with these principles. The first relates to the power of the individual in a democratic society to unseat bad leaders. The second relates to the power of the individual to use his or her capacities toward collective responsibilities and upholding the public good. These interests all point to the citizen as having a moral duty to go out and participate in the electoral exercise. Nonetheless, moral and ethical considerations also necessitate the view that respecting the decision to abstain from electoral exercise is in keeping with democratic rights. Drawing from Mill, individuals in a democratic society have the right to protect themselves from all things that demean, neglect, and intrude upon them. Because people cannot completely look after themselves, liberty entails the freedom of individuals to pursue self-protection in a democracy. They are also entitled to choose the extent of their political participation in forming, joining and leaving political parties, expressing their opinions on political issues, voicing out their sentiments against policies that are detrimental to their interest, and refusing to disclose their political identities or political beliefs. Democratic rights are founded upon the respect for peoples capacity to make reasoned judgment. This goes against forcing people to exercise their rights or maximize their opportunities and liberties as citizens. We cannot generalize that people who do not exercise the right to vote are as the accusation goes, lazy, apathetic, or disinterested; rather informed judgmen ts of people would make them conclude that voting will not lead to the pursuit of their self-interests. Intelligent people can argue that by not voting, they are pursuing their own self-interest by making a statement that none of the candidates deserve to be in elective position. Because persons are rational and work toward their individual self-interest, compulsory voting cannot be justified because if voting is in their self-interest, there would be no need to force them to go out and vote. They would decide that voting would be good for them and they would cast their ballot of their own volition. Compulsory voting does not necessarily uphold fairness or equality. The case for compulsory voting is also argued on the issue of fairness and equality. Like Platos disdain for apathetic citizens, proponents of compulsory voting stress that because all benefit from being citizens of a democratic society, every citizen has an obligation to participate in the electoral process. By equality, is meant that no one should become a free rider in a democracy free riders meaning those that benefit off society without participating in elections. Supporters of compulsory voting suggest that it is a moral and political duty to vote and that in the interest of fairness, all should vote because all experience the consequences of electoral outcomes. Other strong arguments for compulsory voting include the fact, that voting on election day is much easier than other positive obligations of citizens such as paying taxes, doing jury duty, or performing military service. However, this argument must paint two groups. On the one hand, there are voters who are selflessly giving their time and effort to cast their ballot and contribute to the public good while on the other hand, there are non-voters who are selfishly abandoning their political duties but directly benefit from societys benefits as the first group that cast their ballots. The point that Mill makes is that in a democracy, everyone, whether consciously or unconsciously, is acting in what they judge to be their own self-interest. Voters go out and vote because it is in their self-interest to vote for their preferred candidates and see them in office. Non-voters cannot be generalized to be selfish; it can only be fairly assumed that abstaining from the electoral process is judged by them to be in their best interest. Democratic principles value the individuals rational judgment and capacity to make choices; hence, forcing a person to contradict his or her own rational choice is undemocratic. The problem with asserting that it is unfair that citizens vote while others do not is that dilutes the dynamism in a democracy. Compulsory voting also does not guarantee equality in terms of encouraging equal participation from various gender or educational groups. While this is asserted by proponents of compulsory voting, there is no empirical evidence to back this up. Studies however suggest that while compulsory voting has been observed to stimulate high voter turnout in some countries, it has not been observed to promote equal participation in those countries. A study (Quintelier, Hooghe, and Marien 2008) indicates that specific categories of potential voters refrain from voting, leading to the electoral dominance of more privileged groups within the population. The authors studied 36 countries that participated in the 2004 International Social Survey Programme. They found that while compulsory voting is associated with higher turnout rates, it has not led to a significant growth in electoral participation among gender or educational groups. 3. Compulsory voting cannot guarantee political legitimacy. Perhaps the strongest argument for implementing compulsory voting in countries is that higher voter turnouts strengthen the political legitimacy of a government. Non-voting is seen to override legitimacy and make electoral outcomes vulnerable to coups or resistance. When you probe deeper into this argument, non-voting can be construed not as apathy but as contentment with all the running candidates so that whoever wins the electoral contest, is worthy of the non-voters support. When citizens do not vote, this does not necessarily mean that they view any political outcome as illegitimate. Still, supporters of compulsory voting are weary of low voter turnout because it undermines representativeness and political legitimacy. Lijphart said that A political system with the universal right to vote but with only a tiny fraction of citizens exercising this right should be regarded as a democracy in merely a hollow sense of the term (1997, 11).   Proper democratic representation is strongly associated with the notion of free elections. By proper is usually meant that the outcome of the electoral contest was based on the sentiments of a majority of the population. Those that support this argument automatically assume that just because the elections were participated by majority of the population, that governments can assume perpetual legitimacy. This is a misled notion. Legitimacy is conferred not only through elections, but by the subsequent acts, policies, and decisions made by the governments leaders that pursue the general welfare of its population. Essentially, the vote s cast in an election are only a first step toward a governments claim to legitimacy. The more substantial claim is to be derived from the manner in which it leads and represents the collective interests of its citizens. If legitimacy means that government was voted by a majority, then not all legitimate governments are democratic and not all democracies are legitimate. There are governments considered to be legitimate but have passed undemocratic policies, engaged in rampant corruption, or were simply incompetent. Democratic politics is not simply a numbers game. The more substantive view of democratic politics is that it is competitive and cooperative at the same time. Judging political legitimacy based on voter turnout makes a poor analogy. Moreover, on the claims of representativeness, data show that compulsory voting is not a policy to be universalized. Figures from IDEA Show that while there are some countries that have shown impressive turnouts as a result of compulsory voting, the overall picture of voter turnout debunks the claim that countries enforcing compulsion have the highest voter turnouts. Since 1945, besides Italy, only 4 countries with compulsory voting made it to the top 50 countries arranged in terms of voter turnout: Belgium (84.9 per cent), Netherlands (84.8), Australia (84.4) and Greece (80.3). Forty five out of the 50 countries demonstrating a high voter turnout used voluntary voting. Other countries with compulsory voting have the lowest voter turnout in the world such as Egypt which only has a 24.6 percent voter turnout, the second lowest in the world (IDEA 2010). Compulsory voting cannot be equated to active citizenship. Equating a high voter turnout to active citizenship is too simplistic. The Australian experience indicated that while voter turnout was high, the incidence of invalid ballots also increased (Australian Electoral Commission 2006, 4). The phenomenon of donkey voting is a natural consequences of compelling citizens to vote against their own volition. Compulsory voting formalizes the participation of underinformed or uninformed voters who participate in a politically significant process. Opponents of compulsory voting suggest that having uninformed voters cast their ballots is worse than having informed citizens abstain from the vote. The more substantive definition of citizenship is how much informed citizens are about their society and the ways they contribute into the democratic process. Their contribution should not be measured exclusively on voting alone. For instance, in the U.S., where voter turnout is relatively lower than in Australia, the strength of public opinion in the U.S. is higher and laws have been modified, passed, or rejected in deference to public opinion (Mastrel 2003, 960). It could be safe to say that political outcomes are worse if the citizenry is uninformed than if the citizenry does not wish to vote (Evler, 2009, 32). Conclusion There is no question that the electoral process is an important part of democratic society. There is also no question that voting is a moral duty of every citizen in a democracy. The question is whether or not a person can be compelled to vote against his own judgment in the interest of democracy. The discussion revealed the many advantages of compulsory voting as experienced in countries like Australia, Belgium, and Italy and how this has contributed to higher voter turnouts. Nonetheless, the reading of democracy must not be reduced to the level of electoral participation alone. Voting, however important it may be is only one form of political participation, and as experience shows, not a very conclusive one. Elected governments have been toppled down, leaders have been removed, or refused reelection despite claims to legitimacy because of democratic elections. Electoral participation is valuable because it enables citizens to choose from among candidates who are considered the best to lead the country. Democratic societies respect individual freedom, including the freedom not to vote. Voting is a rational choice that a citizen decides to exercise when it is in his or her best interest to do so. Compelling him or her to exercise such is undemocratic. The higher turnout rates in countries with compulsory voting may not be necessarily good. Experience has shown that countries with compulsory voting also have high invalid or protest votes. Democracy cannot be enhanced when citizens go out and vote just because they have to and in order to avoid sanctions. Only when citizens freely decide to participate in the electoral process can their votes be authentic and truly reflective of their preference. Democratic government is a complex system that values not only electoral participation but providing avenues for people to express their choice, equality, freedom, and reasoned judgment.

Rawshans Bakery (RB) Essay

1.Executive Summary 1.1Introduction Rawshans Bakery(RB) is a start-up coffee and bakery retail establishment located in Azimpur Dhaka. RB expects to catch the interest of a regular loyal customer base with its broad variety of coffee and pastry products. The company plans to build a strong market position in the town, due to the partners’ industry experience and mild competitive climate in the area. 2.Description Of Business RB is incorporated in the City of Dhaka. It is equally owned and managed by its two partners. 2.1Products and Services RB offers a broad range of coffee and espresso products, all from high quality Columbian grown imported coffee beans. RB caters to all of its customers by providing each customer coffee and espresso products made to suit the customer, down to the smallest detail. The bakery provides freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all times during business operations. Six to eight moderate batches of bakery and pastry products are prepared during the day to assure fresh baked goods are always available. 2.2Mission RB aims to offer high quality coffee, espresso, and pastry products at a competitive price to meet the demand of the middle- to upper middle-income local market area residents. 2.3Keys to Success Keys to success for RB will include: 1. Providing the highest quality product with personal customer service. 2. Competitive pricing. 3.Production Plan RB offers a broad range of coffee and espresso products, all from high quality Columbian grown imported coffee beans. RB caters to all of its customers by providing each customer coffee and espresso products made to suit the customer, down to the smallest detail. The bakery provides freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all times during business operations. Six to eight moderate batches of bakery and pastry products are prepared during the day to assure fresh baked goods are always available. 4.Marketing Plan RB’s focus is on meeting the demand of a regular local resident customer base, as well as a significant level of tourist traffic from nearby highways. 4.1 Market Segmentation RB focuses on the middle- and upper middle-income markets. These market segments consume the majority of coffee and espresso products. Local Residents RB wants to establish a large regular customer base. This will establish a healthy, consistent revenue base to ensure stability of the business. 4.2 Market Analysis The chart and table below outline the total market potential of the above described customer segments. 4.3 Target Market Segment Strategy The dominant target market for RB is a regular stream of local residents. Personal and expedient customer service at a competitive price is key to maintaining the local market share of this target market. 4.4 Market Needs Because Dhaka has a cool climate for 3 months out of the year, hot coffee products are very much in demand. During the remaining warmer 9 months of the year, iced coffee products are in significantly high demand, along with a slower but consistent demand for hot coffee products. Much of the day’s activity occurs in the morning hours before ten a.m., with a relatively steady flow for the remainder of the day. 4.5 Service Business Analysis The retail coffee industry in the Dhaka has recently experienced some growth. The hot climate in Dhaka stimulates consumption of cold beverages throughout the year. Coffee drinkers in Dhaka are finicky about the quality of beverages offered at the numerous coffee bars across the area. Despite low competition in the immediate area, RB will position itself as a place where customers can enjoy a cup of delicious coffee with a fresh pastry in a relaxing environment. 4.6 Competition and Buying Patterns Competition in the local area is somewhat sparse and does not provide nearly the level of product quality and customer service as RB. Local customers are looking for a high quality product in a relaxing atmosphere. They desire a  unique, classy experience. Leading competitors purchase and roast high quality, whole-bean coffees and, along with Italian-style espresso beverages, cold-blended beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, coffee-related accessories and equipment, and a line of premium teas, sell these items primarily through company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through company-operated retail stores, leading competitors sell coffee and tea products through other channels of distribution (specialty operations). Larger chains vary their product mix depending upon the size of each store and its location. Larger stores carry a broad selection of whole bean coffees in various sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee- and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffee makers, espresso machines, coffee filters, storage containers, travel tumblers and mugs. Smaller stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a more limited selection of whole-bean coffees, and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. 5.Technology plan Technologically we will make fresh coffee and coffee-related products conveniently available via mail order and online. Additionally, mail order catalogs offering coffees, certain food items, and select coffee-making equipment and accessories, have been made available by a few larger competitors. We will offer customers Websites offering online store that will allow them to browse for and purchase coffee, gifts, and other items via the Internet have become more commonplace as well. 6.Financial Plan RB expects to raise 50,000 of its own capital, and to borrow 50,000 guaranteed by the Bank Asia as a ten-year loan. This provides the bulk of the current financing required. 6.1 Break-even Analysis RB’s Break-even Analysis is based on the average of the first-year figures for total sales by units, and by operating expenses. These are presented as per-unit revenue, per-unit cost, and fixed costs. These conservative assumptions make for a more accurate estimate of real risk. RB should break  even by the fourth month of its operation as it steadily increases its sales. 9.Operations Plan This shop has two owners.they are brothers and sisters.One is Shuddho Fuad Sadi and other one is Afroza Hoque Eite.Shuddho Fuad Sadi has extensive experience in sales, marketing, and management, and was vice president of marketing with both Sajib and Sejan Foods. Afroza Hoque Eite brings experience in the area of finance and administration, including a stint as chief financial officer with both Swiss Bakery and the national coffee store chain, Hotcups. The company intends to hire two full-time pastry bakers and six part-time baristas to handle customer service and day to day operations. 10.Summary There are no coffe shop in Azimpur.So it will be a great achivement if it is established here.The budget of this shop is only one lakh and it will make a huge profit.This business should establish in Azimpr.

Administering Desktop Clients

Course number CIS 293, Administering Desktop Clients, emphasizes Windows client administration tasks in a network-based environment. Topics discussed include installation and configuration of desktop clients, user management, resource management and security.These topics are the subject of a number of Microsoft Certified exams I have taken, all of which have training and experience requirements attached. I believe that my training and experience as a Microsoft Certified Professional, including the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator and Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer endorsements, is an exceptional demonstration of my competence in the topics covered in CIS 293.The Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) certification, which I achieved in 2005, included two exams, as well as credit for previous exams I had taken. The first, Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment for an MCSA Certified on Windows 2000 (Exam number 70-292), included mos t of the topics included in CIS 293.The second exam, Planning, Implementing and Maintaining a Windows Server 2003 Environment (Exam number 70-296), also covered the content of CIS 293. Previous knowledge of administering desktop clients was included in the tests and training taken to achieve my MCP and MCSE certifications.In addition to the exams required for the MCSA certification, I was also required to have live experience administering Windows 2000 or 2003 in a medium to large scale networked environment.The first exam for my MCSA certification, Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment, was an updated exam available because I had previously achieved the Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) certification on Windows 2000.In order to be eligible for the exam, I was required to have experience administering client and network operations in a medium to large-scale computing environment of 250 or more users, including responsibility for network servi ces, messaging, email and print services, proxy servers, firewall, Internet and intranet connectivity, and client computer management, as well as remote user connectivity.This exam covered areas such as administering user, computers and group accounts in a Windows 2003 Active Directory-based environment, using the Group Management Console to enforce group policies, resource and security management, Terminal Services, and Software Update Services.User management training for the exam included learning how to create and modify user accounts, singly and in groups; change passwords; and use Active Directory to manage users. Additionally, the exam covered use of the Group Management Console, a Group Policy tool that allows for easy management of user groups.Resource management training included discussion of NTFS file permissions and ways to change the owner of a file or directory; it also included such tasks as creating and using security templates and using security templates to config ure NTFS file permissions and using the Security Configuration and Analysis utility to audit and correct current security settings.Terminal Services configuration and control was also included in the MCSA certification exams. The training included such tasks as using Remote Desktop Client to troubleshoot user problems and using Software Update Services to keep all clients on a network up to date and functioning properly.The exam Planning, Implementing and Maintaining a Windows Server 2003 Environment covered a number of areas included in CIS 293. A substantial portion of this exam consisted of learning to plan, implement and troubleshoot User and Group policies.It also included such client administration duties as Active Directory planning, execution and maintenance, and design of an authentication strategy including such possibilities as a SmartCard reader. Security monitoring, certificates and public key infrastructure design were also discussed.My certification as a Microsoft Cer tified System Administrator indicates experience in administering desktop clients that is both broad and deep, encompassing all aspects of system administration, including those listed in the course description as well as many more.I have training and experience configuring and using desktop clients, remote troubleshooting using Remote Desktop Client as well as using other Terminal Services tools, using Active Directory and other methods to create and modify users and user groups, using the Group Management Console to create and maintain groups, administering resources and designing and implementing security policies and many other client-based administration tasks as well.On the strength of my multiple Microsoft Certifications, as well as the training, experience and knowledge required to gain these certifications, I believe that I should receive credit for the course CIS 293: Administering Desktop Clients.

The Western Philosophical Tradition By Friedrich Nietzsche

Would you approach a visually impaired person and suggest they aren’t correctly viewing the world? In other words, who has the authority to say the grass is not orange and the sky is not pink? The Western Philosophical tradition was a practitioner of dogmatism, it assumed their beliefs to be true and everyone else’s to be false. The Western philosophical tradition placed itself on a pedestal, believing they were the sole center of things; it is arrogant and it did not work in efforts of benefiting the common good. The Western Philosophical Tradition deemed themselves with the authority to say the grass is in fact green and the sky was in fact blue. However, Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, challenges the Western Philosophical Tradition and their imperialistic ways. Nietzsche proposes the Western philosophical Tradition to be arrogant. He says humans are â€Å"remote† emphasizing the lack of importance humans claim they have. Nietzsche situates the sco pe and significance of the human intellect on a cosmological scale. He says humans put themselves at the center of things and deem their views to be just and true, however, to a dog, these views would be false; Dogs would not see green grass or a blue sky because they see colors on a different spectrum than humans. Nietzsche believes not one view on the world is the correct view, and those who think otherwise are blinded by a â€Å"fog of arrogance†. He is challenging the Western Philosophical Tradition’s intellect and saysShow MoreRelatedShakespeares King Lear vs. Tuesdays with Morrie1495 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Existentialism was in part a reaction to modernism, but its roots can be traced to ancient philosophical traditions ranging from Zoroastrianism and Judaism, Buddhism and Platonism (Flynn). The essence of existentialism is authenticity of experience, asking the philosopher to undergo deep introspection. However, existentialism is perhaps most famous for its probing questions about what Friedrich Nietzsche called the tension of the soul, (2). Known colloquially as existential angst, the tensionRead More Business Ethics Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesEthics has been studied since ancient times. In the oldest of the Indian writings, ethics is an integral aspect of philosophical and religious speculation about the nature of reality. These writings date from about 1500 BC. They have been described as â€Å"the oldest philosophical literature in the world, and what they say about how people ought to live may therefore be the first philosophical ethics† (Everson 5). In ancient China, he humane teaching of Confucius and his followers, the peaceful wisdom ofRead MoreThe Radical Thinkers Of The 18th And 19th Centuries1602 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies who captured the â€Å"zeitgeist† of their era contributed to shaping Western Civilization ideals, many of these radical thinkers were condemned during their lifetimes for their unorthodox views. Around the 17th century, Western European society began to adapt to a new method of thinking known as rationalism, which focused on proving beliefs with rational sources such as data and reasoning instead of faith and tradition. While William Paley was one of the first highly influential rationalist thinkersRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1167 Words   |  5 Pagesvery nature of good and evil-what do these valuations entail, and how do they apply to the real world? How can we explain their actions? Nietzsche’s account of moral norms It is here that the philosophical thought of Friedrich Nietzsche becomes relevant. In his book On the Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche investigates the origin of human morality, justice, and valuations of good and evil. His central thesis: the first normative notions of good and bad arose in pre-Socratic Greece. Some men seizedRead MoreReligious Philosophies and the Meaning of Life1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthat it Western society was far too focused on substance rather than understanding that it is the search for actualization or the process as opposed to the destination that provides the true meaning of life (Camus, 1942). Still others, Friedrich Nietzsche, for instance, found that it was suffering in its literal sense, or the process of undergoing, that defined the meaning of life. This was the ultimate search for freedom and actualization intellectual and emotional satisfaction (Nietzsche, 2004)Read MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pageslearning in the Western world. He is known to be one of the best writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most influential authors in the development of Western philosophy even today. Plato worked alongside his teacher, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, laying the groundwork for Western philosophy and science through their collective work. Plato has also been considered one of the founders of western religion, especially Christianity, which Friedrich Nietzsche called â€Å"PlatonismRead MoreThe Political Philosophy of Karl Raimund Popper1139 Words   |  5 Pagesauthoritarian political systems and their philosophical foundations. This critique popper claimed was a response to the fantastic and futuristic assertions of these systems, which were simply an admixture of subjectively reasoned and uncritical thought about politics. Popper considered authoritarian and totalitarian systems to be based upon one sided thought, which marred the objectivity of reason in thought in the critical spirit of classical liberalism and its tradition of plurality in social life, theRead MorePhilosophy of Ethics Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesThe word â€Å"ethics† comes from Greek ethikas meaning character. Today, we use ethics to describe the normative standard of behavior . The history of philosophical ethics has been broken up into five rational methods: Virtue, Traditional, Modern, and Post-Modern Ethics. Within these periods, the philosophy of ethics changed along with the changes being made within society. The first rational method is Virtue Ethics. The major philosophers during this period were materialists such as Plato, AristotleRead MorePolytheism2057 Words   |  9 PagesPolytheism Reproduced, with permission, from THE FUTURIST, Published by the World Future Society, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 450, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote a fictional account of a madman who went about the town proclaiming that God is dead. Nietzsches story is illustrative of a wave of atheism that spread through the intellectual circles of Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuriesRead MoreAristotle Was a Greek Philosopher and Polymath2568 Words   |  11 Pagesmusic, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Platos teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotles writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics. Aristotles views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended