Role of a Leader for Good Communication Skills -myassignmenthelp

Question: Expound on theRole of a Leader for Good Communication Skills. Answer: A decent pioneer ought to have a few characteristics like trustworthiness, certainty, great relational abilities, inventiveness, rousing others and a few different elements (Cashman 2017). It is said that the best nature of a pioneer is genuineness. The pioneer ought to consistently be straightforward with the goal that the adherents likewise get motivation from him to be straightforward which would improve the collaboration. He ought to have the certainty to settle on his own choices and demonstrate some strength to accomplish regard from his subordinates. The pioneer ought to be able to motivate others by setting positive models. There are likewise awful characteristics of a pioneer that I have known through my encounters. A few heads are there who has absence of core interest. Administration is progressively about need and less about parity (Amanchukwu, Stanley and Ololube 2015). It is imperative to be taught with the goal that he can urge his devotees to be trained. There are a few chiefs who don't know about their absence of data. A few chiefs are even there who couldn't care less about the assessment of his supporters which is considered as a negative quality. I have gone over with a few chiefs in my training life just as expert life who have both positive and negative characteristics. One of the occurrences that I need to give with respect to a pioneer is that in my MBA class we were given a task to do in a group. The pioneer of that group was picked by me and my colleagues since we believed that he would lead our gathering in an all around composed way however later on we understood that he has some terrible characteristics like arrogance and he utilized o imagine that he knows it all and didn't try to take assessment from others which drove our undertaking to ruin. References Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J. also, Ololube, N.P., 2015. An audit of administration speculations, standards and styles and their pertinence to instructive administration. Management,5(1), pp.6-14. Cashman, K., 2017.Leadership from the back to front: Becoming a pioneer forever. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Cervical Spine and Soft Tissue Underlying Injury

Question: Examine about the Cervical Spine and Soft Tissue Underlying Injury. Answer: Further, in crisis care division misalignment is distinguishes and taken consideration off followed by discussion the board. The radiographic reconnaissance is trailed by medical procedure and medicine according to necessities of injury. The most fundamental types of prescriptions are muscle relaxants and Non-steroidal calming drugs (NSAIDs) that control fiery reaction and torment of injury. The interview procedure incorporates counsel from specialist and neurosurgeon about post-treatment the executives forms according to injury (3,6). Condition/Pathological procedure/Medical Significance The Disruption to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue basic injury is the clinical conditions that by and large emerge because of cracks (C5/C6), flexion wounds (hyperflexion), expansion wounds, pivotal pressure wounds and temperamental breaks in the cervical area. There are four significant districts front vertebral line, back vertebral line, spino-laminar line and back spinous line secured by smooth tissues that offer help to the general structure of the cervical locale. Any sort of interruption because of crack, injury that prompts a significant disengagement on the cervical spine locale creates these conditions. Probably the most widely recognized wounds are (foremost subluxation) where breaking of back tendon happens, (basic wedge crack) here the front tendon breaks, (wedge break) harm to both front and back tendons, (flexion teadrop break) prompts pivotal stacking rope harm. Further, the augmentation wounds lead to breakage in tendons, and hub pressure wounds like Jefferson crack prompts bursting of C1 ring (1,2) Neurotic Process and Medical Significance The arrangement of cervical spine harms prompts neurological harms in over 40% cases. Further, this condition prompts nerve root brokenness, the upper locale cervical spine subluxation edifices prompts convoluted neurovascular circumstances. Further, these interruptions likewise impede the usefulness of vertebral veins, cerebrospinal course, cervical veins, vagus nerve, and medulla oblongata. Any sort of despondency or determined portability of any one cervical spine fragment prompts unsettling influence in spinal nerve region dissemination since conduit and vein providing spinal nerve go through this area (2). Further, (3) considered that any sort of cervical injury prompting muscle fit outcome in circulatory disability where various types of heart, cranial nerve, vagal, extrapyramidal and sound-related side effects show up as optional manifestations. There are bothering in vertebral corridors creating vasomotor nature like facial torment, cerebral pain, facial flushing, nasal aggravation and so on. There are odds of venous waste bringing about aloof blockage and weight on tactile nerves. Further, there are unsettling influences in the medulla oblongata area additionally because of cervical wounds. Imaging Procedures Employed to Evaluate the Pathology The plain movies or X-beam is the most straightforward utilized procedure of pathology recognizable proof in 80% instances of cervical spine wounds. The generally performed X-beam incorporates parallel view, AP see and odontoid see (open-mouth). The sidelong radiograph is the above all else identification procedure of cervical spine wounds. Be that as it may, the AP see and odontoid see are acted on account of no conspicuous breaks saw in sidelong view. In this radiograph, persistent requirements to keep up the cervical immobilization until the rehashed radiographs are gotten and distinguishable. In conclusion, on account of no crack or injury distinguished by over three plain radiographs then flexion and augmentation radiographs are utilized to recognize conceivable injury (4,5). (4) showed that CT examine is commonly utilized for cervical wounds identification when plain radiography neglects to identify the wounds and clinical indications despite everything exist. The CT filter are explicitly helpful for identification of neurologic deformities, cervical channel breaks and so forth further, MRI techniques are followed if there should arise an occurrence of delicate tissues, intervertebral circles, tendons, spinal string and epidural wounds. Radiologic Features The radiographic highlights of disturbance to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue hidden injury get commonly imagined in the horizontal radiograph. The event of any interruption will prompt imperfections in front vertebral, back vertebral and spinolaminar locale. The expansion in delicate tissue retropharyngeal district is seen as the result of discharge or oedema happening because of cracks or separation. On account of wedge-pressure cracks, there is a distinction in front and back stature (increment or abatement) of vertebral body saw as the radiographic component. In kids pseudodosubluxation at C2/C3 locale prompts the back advance of more than 2mm happening due to tendons laxity. Further, the radiologic highlights of the condition in AP radiograph include one-sided aspect joint disengagement if there should arise an occurrence of bifid in spinous procedures. Further, on account of foremost cervical separation there is a more extensive separation between spinous procedures. In conclusion, in open mouth radiograph, there are harms in C1 and C2 area because of breaks where the parallel masses of C1 overhang C2 demonstrating burst crack. Further, there is Mach impact saw due to imitating of breaks if there should arise an occurrence of ancient rarities (4,5). Treatment Options The Disruption to the lines of arrangement of the cervical spine and delicate tissue basic injury require prehospital, crisis division and conference medications just as the board. As prehospital care in the event of suspected injury neck developments bolster office. Balance out the patient with backboard semirigid neckline where the neck is settled with froth squares or sand sacks taped side to side of the backboard over the temple. References Caron T, Bransford R, Nguyen Q, Agel J, Chapman J, Bellabarba C. Spine breaks in patients with ankylosing spinal issue. Spine. 2010 May 15;35(11):E458-64. https://www.firstlightwebdesign.com/H. The Cervical Spine. Imageinterpretation.co.uk. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.imageinterpretation.co.uk/cervical.php Imaging of the Cervical Spine. Prescription ed.virginia.edu. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/cspine/technique7.html The Radiology Assistant : Spine - Cervical injury. Radiologyassistant.nl. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p49021535146c5/spine-cervical-injury.html X-beam Skills 2: Cervical Spine X-beam Interpretation. Calsprogram.org. 2016 [cited 26 August 2016]. Accessible from: https://calsprogram.org/manual/volume2/Section10_XraySkills/03-XraySk2CerSpineXrayInterp13.html Schroeder GD, Kwon BK, Eck JC, Savage JW, Hsu WK, Patel AA. Study of cervical spine explore society individuals on the utilization of high-portion steroids for intense spinal line wounds. Spine. 2014 May 20;39(12):971-7.

Funding your education at SIPA part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Funding your education at SIPA part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While a limited number of SIPA admits are offered direct funding (for year one), a higher percentage of SIPA students â€" typically half or more â€" are funded for their second year of study.   Currently, the average second year award is an assistantship that provides approximately half of tuition, and consists of both tuition credits (a scholarship) and salary for part-time employment at SIPA.   Some students with assistantships work in SIPA offices or as research assistants with academic departments, institutes or faculty; others are appointed as teaching assistants, and those TA positions pay more and also include a stipend payment at the start of each term for indirect expenses such as textbooks and living expenses. Some first year students will receive a renewable scholarship, and if qualified may also receive an assistantship in addition to their scholarship in their second year of study. The application deadline for second year awards is typically late February or early March, and the Office of Student Affairs will hold an information session prior to that, early in the spring semester, at which you will have the opportunity to learn more about available positions, eligibility criteria, and the selection process.

A Brief Note On The Ford Motor Company - 1438 Words

Part 1 Specialisation is a scheme of production, where firms have people focusing on one certain part of the product. For example, in a company that makes toothpaste, one person screws on the cap, one person packs them into a box, one person transports it, and so on. These people are specialised in their field of experience, therefore given that certain task to complete. Division of labour, and specilaisation are very similar, they both relate to giving certain tasks to certain specialised people to improve the performance and speed of the good or service. The Ford Motor Company, used methods as such to help the process of building cars. Henry Ford founded it on 16th June 1903. Before the automated assembly line was invented, a group of workers would sit and manually fix part onto the car. This is an example of specialisation. Only a few cars were built each day. When the automated assembly line was introduced, the productivity of this company soared. (â€Å"History Channel,  "This Day In History†). Ever since, companies have become efficient in producing product and services for consumers, because the automated assembly line has become a huge benefit in terms of quantity, and a lot of cases, quality. Production overall as we know it today, has become extremely modern, fast, reliable and can do many more things, ever since the automated production line has been popularized. Henry Ford came up with brilliant ideas, for the production line. His concept for this was extremelyShow MoreRelatedDoes Business Have Any Social Responsibility?1538 Words   |  7 Pagesfavorite topics of politicians and public interest groups. Congress often offers tax breaks to companies that incorporate social responsibility into their mission. Almost all colleges teach a class of some form of social responsibility in a corporate world. In 1992, a formation of 51 companies created Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) (Business for Social Responsibility, n.d.). One company that has been with BSR from the beginning is Ben Jerry’s Ice Cream. Ben Cohen was featured inRead MoreAlignment Of Hrm And Business Strategies1192 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch that Ford motors is a multinational company operating in many different parts of America. Their cars are included in world’s most familiar cars. Ford Company is a composition of eight different companies, which are categorized into three different heads; first are Japanese cars, which fall under the name of Mazda, second is the American cars, which are under Ford, Mercury, and Lincoln. Third group of Ford Company comprises on European cars. Altogether, it makes Ford Motors, the world’s secondRead MoreProposed Recruitment Strategy For This Exercise1033 Words   |  5 Pagesskills and relevant industry understanding, have been demonstrated. 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In its simplest terms, lean productionRead MoreFord Motor Company: Supply Chain Management and Strategic Fit3663 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Ford Motor Company Supply Chain Management and Strategic Fit University of Arkansas Fall Second Session 2011 Supply Chain Management for Operations Managers Written by: Albert Carter For: Instructor Nia Wright December 9, 2011 Abstract This report covers the performance of Ford Motor Company over the past 10 years and analyzes the results of its â€Å"One Ford† business plan. The main question this report answers is whether Ford’s resent actions match the supply chain strategy of theRead MoreGm vs Ford11134 Words   |  45 PagesGeneral Motors Co Strategic and Financial Analysis ADVANCED CORPORATE FINANCE April 22, 2012 Authored by: Ana Romero, Roshan Picardo, Carlos Castro, Shikhar Agarwal 0 General Motors Co Strategic and Financial Analysis Executive Summary This report provides an evaluation of strategic and financial evolution of General Motors Company (GM) in the last ten years. Events like the global economic recession lead to a deep restructuring of the firm, filling for bankruptcy and a government bailoutRead MoreSwot Analysis of Hyundai Motor China12360 Words   |  50 PagesCase: IB-91 Date: 09/24/08 HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY IN CHINA At the turn of the twenty-first century, Korea‟s Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) announced ambitious plans to become a global leader in the automotive industry, and established plants in various parts of the world, including Europe, India, and North America. In 2002, HMC turned its attention to China, one of the world‟s largest and fastest-growing economies. China‟s burgeoning demand for automobiles was forecast to become the world‟s third-largest―evenRead MoreAutomotive Industry Analysis in the Us13024 Words   |  53 Pagesunderstanding of the automotive industry as a whole in its current state. Next, ten representative companies of varying sizes are analyzed and compared; the chosen companies and selection criteria follow. General Motors, Ford, and Toyota were chosen because they are the current market leaders. DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Volkswagen, and Honda were chosen because of their status as stable international companies who have been in the automobile business for many years. Hyundai, Maruti Udyog, and ShanghaiRead MoreAutomobile in Bangladesh8267 Words   |  34 Pagesfor get ride from this problem we have to developing.our automobile side here,I disscuss about problem of developing automobile, Key word: automobile, Introduction: An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportin passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally

Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels - 1224 Words

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were asked to write a manifesto for a group that they had recently been accepted into, a group known as the â€Å"Communist League,† a group of activists that met in London. Marx and Engels – though Engels primarily took care of editing and revising, Marx did a large amount of the writing – would write The Communist Manifesto for this group. After the manifesto was published, it became one of the most well-known as well as influential pieces of philosophy, and is the reason that â€Å"Marxism† exists today. Summary The Communist Manifesto covers a variety of topics, the first and most prominent is likely class struggles. Marx explains in immense detail the unfair relationships between the bourgeoisie and the proletarians and communists. He talks about how these class separations and struggles should be abolished. Equality of opportunity is another big thing that is discussed throughout the book, as well as dealing majorly with class struggle. Marx brings point after point, argument after argument about the necessary equality among people, with a view stating that everybody should work among other things leading to equality among all groups. As the former two reasons may provide reasoning for this, Marx was strong about a revolution. Marx was not okay with the way that society was, and wanted a change he felt was necessary. Going even further than simple equality, Marx also touched on a proletarian dictatorship. More than just bringing the bourgeoisieShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Friedrich Engel s974 Words   |  4 Pagesno document has had such far reaching effect as Karl Marx’s, Communist Manifesto. The Communist Manifesto, hereafter referred to as the CM, was published in London, 1848 and served as the culmination of the collaboration between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The CM was to serve as the basis for the communist platform, a political system which, in Marx’s and Engel’s view, served as the final destination in the natural progression of society. Marx attributed this progression to the idea that â€Å"classRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels1626 Words   |  7 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the infamous villains of capitalism, were authors who wrote The Communist Manifesto. Their theory argues that class struggles or the exploitation of one class by another will give rise to a new world order in which society as a whole will take control of their own destines. This involves the battles between the proletarians and bourgeoisie, communism and democracy, and final capitalism and socialism. However, since the times of Marx and Engel communism has been slowlyRead MoreKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels1940 Words   |  8 PagesNow days Karl Marx is still consider one of the most significant and influential thinkers of all times. Karl Marx with the help of Engel’s, which was also a political philosopher were the fathers of communist or socialism which was almost establish successfully in Russia. They provided a complex and philosophical analysis of capitalist societies which is still influencing major changes in the societies. Marx opposed to the principles of capitalism and considers that it was an economic system controlRead MoreCommunism Created By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels799 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and form of government that has been used all over the world. It was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the most part it has failed to build stable and prosperous nations. What fact ors caused communism to fail? Can we identify those factors and avoid it entirely? We must try to, and preserve our successful form of government. The creators of communism are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 into a well off German family. He eventually attended universityRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government can do that is acceptable. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, in which he argues that people are naturally immoral and will do what they can, whether good or bad, to maintain well-liked. In The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the main argument is that humans are rational and would be able to govern themselves as a result of have one single class. When thoroughly analyzing each of the political works, it is clear that the main motivating factors behind eachRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Communist Manifesto† – the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was published on February 21, 1848. This book is the fir st document of scientific communism and the first program of the international communist organizations and parties. It is the most systematic work of all thoughts and great teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† consists of the main statements of the materialistic conception of history, the impartial laws of social development, the laws ofRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to begin explaining Communism and its goals. The Manifesto suggests that history acts according to what is called â€Å"class struggle.† The â€Å"means of production† are what truly defines the class relationships according to Marx and Engels (Marx 2002). Inevitably, the classes conflict and become hostile, no longer moving fluidly (Spalding 2000). The Manifesto states that this conflict becomes so severe that it eventually become s a revolutionRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels1137 Words   |  5 PagesBoth authors Frederick Douglass and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels focus on the topic of freedom. Both authors argue that they are being oppressed. However, this is where the similarities end. Engels and Marx believed that capitalism was a social system used by the proletariats to oppress the bourgeoisie, and that the only way to be free was to fight back against the system. On the other hand, Frederick Douglass focuses more on his individual story and his struggle for freedom, while he tries toRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words   |  10 Pagesmeeting, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became known as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto r epresents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levels of education. After reading the newly edited document by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels there isRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Hilt November 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views

Sports Drinks Industry Analysis Free Essays

Executive Summary We have noticed an increasing number of businesses catering to the recent rise of a new target market: the health-conscious consumer. At Nike, our goal has always been to give consumers what they want now, as well as to anticipate their future tastes, and to thus tailor our strategy to accommodate those tastes. We have recognized an unfilled market potential in the non-carbonated energizing sports drink arena, thus developing an entirely new product category. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Drinks Industry Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our branding strategy is to enter the market by carving a new niche of protein-enriched energizing sports drinks. Our objective is to educate consumers about the new drink, as well as to make a profit and gain market share in the industry. We hope that by being market leaders, our name will become synonymous with the new drink category, and will aid in our sustaining a competitive advantage over the copy-cats that are sure to flock the market after the new products’ introduction and subsequent success. Our primary target market is 18-34 year old females who will use our sports drink whenever they needed a boost: at work, in the gym, or just when they felt like it. The secondary target market is 18-34 year old males who fall into much the same socio-cultural and economic category as the primary target market. The Nike Motion energy drink will be positioned as a high-end item, costing $2 per environmentally-friendly can. It will come in a variety of fruit flavors and will boast the replenishment of electrolytes and other essential vitamins and minerals. We hope that high-frequency mass market penetration using multi-media advertisements will spread the word and raise awareness about Nike Motion. National distribution will follow in supermarkets, pharmacies, health food stores, and gourmet retailers. The Nike brand name, accompanied by its strong brand image, will differentiate the product and maintain its popularity via the market leader and differentiation strategy the company has chosen. [2. 0] Environmental Analysis Economic Trends: The X and Y generations, our target markets, comprise about 110 million people of the United States population. They are, generally speaking, well-educated, and earn relatively higher incomes, thus allowing for much of their disposable income to be spent on health-oriented products, such as the new beverage we are planning to launch, Nike Motion. Neither positive, nor negative economic trends, such as changes in interest rates, inflation, DGP, etc. are not likely to have a significant impact on our product, since it’s not a high priced luxury item whose demand would be affected by theses factors. The quality of sports drinks consumed doesn’t really depend on the income of the consumers, since these are relatively inexpensive, everyday products. As a general trend however it is worth mentioning that the economy as a whole is growing in the United States as well as in other parts of the world, allowing for an ever increasing standard of living. Cultural and Demographic Trends: Socio-culturally, our target market is health-conscious and youth-oriented. The individuals comprising our target market of 18-34 year old men and women, are generally perceived as individualistic, with a focus on making healthy decisions via food choices (salad bars and the organics market have boomed), and exercise (from going on athletics-oriented vacations, to spending lunch hours in the gym). There is also a change in the lifestyle of Americans, and people around the world: fast paced, always on the go, eating out and socializing more. These people rarely have the time to cook at home, decreasing the regularity of consuming healthy meals. One of the best alternatives of getting the needed vitamins and nutrition is via healthy beverages, such as Nike Motion. The U. S. population’s general aversion to high calorie, high sugar, and high carbohydrate beverages will likely be beneficial to our new product. Demographically, a traditional family structure is becoming less typical, with an increasing number of couples co-habitating without being married, lower birth-rates, and a greater concentration on health and weight maintenance. As a result of these trends, consumption of youth-oriented products has grown as people strive to be in good shape. The Nike Motion energizing sports drink will provide the energy these people need to accomplish their objectives. Ethnic trends are likewise changing, with baby boomers retiring, and an increasing young Latino population emerging, along with an influx of Asians. The Hispanic population, becoming the largest minority segment in 2002, has grown 70 percent over the past decade to approximately 37 million (14. 1 percent of the U. S. population). These youths lead fast-paced lifestyles, frequently juggling school, work, and personal lives. For the younger generation, regardless of ethnic background, feeling tired is not an option. The popularity of the sports and energy drinks has proven this fact. We at Nike thus believe that Nike Motion will be a tremendous success, appealing to a health-conscious population with our alluring natural ingredients, while simultaneously satis fying the increasing need for energizing products. Political and Legal Environment: The political environment could have a significant effect on us if we were to market Nike Motion in foreign countries. Constant changes in exchange rates and political systems are important to keep in mind. As to the legal environment, each and every firm operates in nations of laws and rules that have to be obeyed. Coca Cola recently got into trouble due to an advertising message in which they, allegedly, portrayed Gatorade in an unfavorable light. The case was settled outside of court, but has cost millions of dollars for Coke. 2 Physical Environment and Technological Trends: The current physical environment, especially in metropolitan areas such as large cities, is very much conducive to the use of our product. Available in a large number of various retailers, our goal is to be the Starbucks of sports drinks – on every corner, there when you need it. Retailers stocking our product will be dispersed throughout the city, with a significant concentration in areas of business and entertainment (for example, in the downtown financial district, as well as near the Broadway theaters), as well as near learning centers and gyms. We want to make sure that Nike Motion is widely distributed and readily available, both to impulse shoppers, as well as for the more traditional type of buyer. Changes in technology may lower entry barriers and create new product processes. To enter the sports drink industry, large capital investments are required for production facilities, marketing, and etcetera. Technological changes, such as the internet, can create additional possibilities for promotion, via viral campaigns via the internet and emails that are so popular with our target market. Global Trends: Due to advances in technology and communication, we can safely say that the world has never been as united as it is currently. The internet, along with television, and to a lesser degree, radio, have served as outlets for disseminating cultural views, and incorporating adaptations of traditional ethnic ideas and beliefs into the mainstream, both within a country and internationally. Products ranging from clothing to music to the culinary arts have become widely accepted. We feel that sports drinks fall into this global category as well. From Europe to Latin America to the United States, lifestyles are becoming faster-paced (though to varying degrees) and are influencing the demand for products that will accommodate such consumer choices. In the last year alone, sales of sports drinks have increased by 10%. 3 [3. 0] Mission Statement Nike’s mission states: â€Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete. † Nike Motion, the new protein infused energy drink brought to you by Nike, targets the athlete in us all, whether you are on the track or on the couch, by providing hydration and energy with essential vitamins, minerals, and exotic herbs, proven to enhance performance, raise energy levels, as well as enhance mental agility. Nike motion is crucial for both body and mind. [4. 0] Market / Industry / Competition Analysis Competition Analysis of Sports Drink Industry Sports drinks experienced a remarkable growth in the late 1990s and early 2000s, growing almost 56 percent between 1997 and 2002. As a result of this increase in demand for sports drinks, a large number of products started flooding the market. This influx, however, is controlled by a limited number of established and powerful companies, namely Gatorade and Powerade. Gatorade, produced by PepsiCo, is a market leader, boasting 80 percent market share. Its chief competitor, Powerade (produced by Coca Cola), accounts for 19 percent of the remaining sports drink market. PepsiCo’s market share however is not safe. Since 2002, its share declined by 4 percent, while Coke’s Powerade grew by nearly 30 percent. 4 Most of the industry’s growth is driven by reaching new demographics, including ethnic groups, children and more serious exercisers. Attempts by other companies to market sports drinks have often failed, or achieved considerably less success than the existing players. Nike, in an attempt to avoid territorial battles, plans to carve a new niche, the energizing sports drinks with various essential nutrients, thus emerging as a market leader in this new category. As mentioned previously, given its established, strong brand image, and its association with everything healthy, such a move should not prove impossible. Porter’s Competitive Forces According to Porter’s Five Competitive Forces, the power of suppliers is low because the ingredients used, as well as the packaging, are commodities that can be easily substituted, and therefore do not involve high switching costs. The market is not dominated by a few large suppliers, but is rather fragmented, allowing for price competition. The power of buyers is medium, because even though there are many buyers, some of them are rather powerful. There is little chance that existing customers would integrate backwards. Sports drinks are differentiated products but can be replaced by a limited number of substitutes, water being the biggest threat. The consumers, according to trends in the macro environment will increasingly search for sports drinks on the store shelves. The small number of firms makes for a high degree of rivalry, with a few large companies competing amongst themselves, as well as vying to establish a significant foothold in order to prevent smaller firms from entering the market. The energy and sports drink products are thus differentiated, and vary in more than just price. The threat of new entrants is low to medium due to the fact that the attractive high-growth industry of sports drinks has very high barriers to entry; namely, it is capital intensive, requiring a lot of marketing and advertising of these products, discussing their benefits, as well as positioning them apart from the rest. Likewise, it necessitates large economies of scale in production. Such resources are difficult to achieve, and if marketing to the masses, it is something only large, wealthy companies can achieve. The threat of substitutes in this arena is quite high, in that the products currently on the market often differ in little other than brand and consumer perception. The switching costs from one brand to another are virtually zero, but companies can succeed if they’re able to retain their loyal customer bases. [4. 0] Summary of marketing activity in the industry Pricing strategy It is safe to state that there are no significant pricing differences among the brands, they are competitively priced. Both Gatorade and Powerade sell at about $1. 50-2. 00 for a 32 oz. bottle, depending on the location and on the type of retailer. There are really no pricing wars in this industry, since consumers are very brand loyal. Looking at the distribution channels, we can see that these sports drinks are sold at most retailers that sell groceries and other beverages. Retailers include: supermarkets, delis, vending machines, street vendors, cafeterias at gyms, etcetera. We see a potential advantage in selling Nike Motion at existing Nike outlets, such as sporting goods stores, and in Nike’s flagship stores, Niketowns, that are located in major cities around the world. Advertising and Promotions When discussing advertising and promotional strategies, we have to note that even the most successful companies need advertising and other promotional vehicles to further the success of their brands. Sports drink makers, given the degree of competition in the industry are doing just this. Gatorade spent $180 million on advertisements last year while Powerade spent less than $20 million, per Nielsen Monitor-Plus. Since these sports drinks primarily target health-conscious consumers and athletes, some of the most important promotional vehicles include sponsorship of sporting events, and signing of top athletes for promotional deals. Coca Cola was, for example, the official sponsor of the summer Olympic Games in Athens with its Powerade Drink. â€Å"We f ocus on niche audiences of top athletes, either through major events such as the Olympics, close relationships with sporting bodies, or by working with sports experts to produce targeted advertorial,’ says a Coca-Cola spokeswoman. ‘Consumer education is key,’ she adds. 6 Powerade earlier launched an online version of its LeBron James comic in its quest to position the brand as the sports drink for the next generation. A first for Coke and its partner DC Comics, the interactive site included flash technology and voice-overs by Mr. James across 12 Webisodes, as well as an instant win component and video games. 7 Gatorade on the other hand is the official sponsor of the National Football League, the official sports drink of the National Basketball Association, WNBA, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer and a host of others around the world. In all, Gatorade has struck roughly 900 sponsorship deals with sports events over time, according to tracking by the IEG Sponsorship Report. Gatorade also will sponsor branded content during the National Basketball Association’s playoffs on ESPN, TNT and FSN networks. On TNT, broadcast personalities will air live sideline segments dubbed â€Å"Heard Around the Cooler† about game strategy, injuries, statistics and other insights, while ESPN will air branded â€Å"Cooler Talk† segments on its â€Å"Sports Center. † Challenges One of the biggest challenges these companies face is the problem of attracting more female consumers. According to the Mintel International Group, an industry observer, consumption patterns always leaned heavily toward males, but the trend showed signs of changing as more female teens reportedly were drinking more and more sports drinks. This reflected female teens’ ongoing interest in losing weight and increasing interest in exercise. 8 Sports beverage producers also began targeting the fast-growing Hispanic population. Gatorade’s Xtremo! was the first to appeal to this potential market with a line of more exotic and tropical flavors including mango and tropical. The effort was supported by bilingual packaging and Spanish-language advertising. Coca-Cola’s Powerade brand also began using Spanish-language advertising to tap into this market. We think that the most important industry factors that will be influential in our planning is the degree of competition that we’re hoping to offset with powerful and wide-reaching marketing campaigns. As I’ve mentioned earlier, there is a very high level of competition especially between Gatorade and Powerade. Both these companies spend millions of dollars on building their brands and their loyal customer base. We can see, however, a slight difference between the promotional techniques of the two. Gatorade is more centered on the top-athlete, while Powerade tries to depict a more cutting-edge picture that appeals primarily to the iPod generation. There might be another niche that is underserved, and that could be just what Nike Motion needs. An underserved niche, such as women and men of Generation X and Generation Y, might have a need for nutritious, on-the-go beverages that fit into their busy life-styles. Nike could target these niches successfully due to its existing brand image. [5. 0] Marketing Objective The Nike brand is a well known brand, its swoosh is one of the most recognizable signs out there, having established brand loyalty among many. Based on our market research, the brand extension of Nike Motion would have great potential for being the next great beverage among athletes and non-athletes. We would pursue a mass market penetration strategy for a saturated market, while still allowing for a vast opportunity in high profits and gaining market share due to Nike’s brand recognition. Our primary objective is to create product awareness among the target audience by 30 percent in one year and our secondary objective would be to increase market share. We would also want to inform our target audience about the features and benefits of our product and its competitive advantage, leading to a 10 percent increase in sales in one year. Many individuals are unaware of Nike’s new brand extension of a sports drink. Therefore we would pursue a high reach and high frequency strategy in our advertising in order to have maximum exposure. In order to accomplish this we would conduct a SWOT analysis to gain a better understanding of our target market and market segment. We want to achieve this objective by using secondary and primary research to get an in depth understanding of our target and to formulate a strategy to develop our campaign. Based on our research, trends and attitudes are moving toward health conscious products. How to cite Sports Drinks Industry Analysis, Essays

Food Microbiology for Cheese and E coli - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theFood Microbiology for Cheese and E coliContamination. Answer: Microbiology of E coli E coli is a gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria, which is found in the lower intestine of living organisms. E coli have certain serotypes which causes serious harm in the hosts and is responsible for food poisoning. E coli contamination has been associated to products produces in large scale and has led to food recalls due to the contamination already caused, (Vogit Dippold, 2005). Normally there are strains of E Coli which are harmless, they are referred to as normal flora and produce vitamin k2 in their hosts, (Haudault et al, 2001), and is essential in preventing colonization process in the intestines. The genesis of E Coli is from faecal matter and is expelled from the environment whereby it causes contamination. The bacteria nourishes well in faecal matter for a period of 3 days, (Russell Javis, 2001). Thus E coli is attributed to many disease which include cholecystisis, bacteraemia, urinary tract infections among other diseases. Clinical presentation of E Coli E coli being a gram negative anaerobic makes ATP and at the same time switch to fermentation in the absence of oxygen. They exist in the intestines of humans and animals. Harmful E Coli are often pathogenic and can cause illness through causing diarrhoea or illness outside the intestinal path. Diarrhoea causing E coli can be transmitted in water or food or through contact with animals or people. The Shiga toxin producing E Coli or Verocytotoxin producing E Coli is the most common heard type of infection and has been associated with food borne outbreaks. The toxin referred to shiga causes damages the intestines linings. The bad strain identified as O157:H7 can make people very sick. It is associated with abdominal; pains, cramps and blood in the diarrheal flow. At times it is responsible for acute kidney failure among children. Further it is associated with bleeding, confusion, seizures or bleeding. Cheese and E coli contamination Raw milk has been found to contain various germs such as the bacteria, viruses and paracistes.raw milk has not yet undergone pasteurization that is heated to specific temperature for set amount of time in order to destroy harmful germs. Thus raw milk is unpasteurized and can contain harmful germs which include campylobacteria, E Coli, Listeria and Slamonnela, (Mathews et al., 2006). Thus cheese can cause E Coli due to the raw product of which is milk which is not pasteurized. Thus cheese from unpasteurized milk cause the E coli contamination if the bacteria strains are present in the milk, thus is a risk factor for shiga toxins, (Lejeune et al.,2001). Critical control points of cheese production include raw milk obtained from the animals. The six steps in cheese production include acidification, coagulation, curd and whey, salting, shaping and ripening. The critical steps which can bring contamination include acidification and coagulation steps. Primary and Secondary infections of E Coli E coli can be contaminated in other substances like water. Contact with water from a person who has E Coli could affect and have an impact on infection. Further these individuals could have had contact from one another especially from infected individuals, (Williams et al, 2005). Primary infections of E Coli include intake of untreated milk that is if one consume unpasteurized milk, intake of fruits and vegetables washed using contaminated water, consumption of her foods and beverages which might be contaminated. Secondary infection can entail drinking water which is contaminated, contact from infected persons or contact from animals already contaminated with the bacteria. Other indirect sources include the use of chopping board that has uncooked meant and contact with raw foods like salad. E Coli O157 PT21/28 E Coli O157 is common name which means shared by cattle and it is the main reservoir of human causing infections. The PT refers to Phage type 21/28 as a subtype of E coli. The PT refers to the cases upon diagnosis and classification which refers to 21 cases in 28 disease. It is used to describe the disease further and give a more elaborate meaning. Identification of E Coli O157, is arrived at using the latex reagents which include O157 antibody coated latex and control latex. The isolation process being undertaken in O157 agglutination is identified through biochemical means of confirmation, (Kruger et al., 2006). Lab confirmation and determination has to utilise with patients who present diarrhoea. The stool specimens include whole, stool, swabs. With this approach specimens should be taken immediately, (Lindstedt et al., 2004). MLVA profiling of O157 Multi locus variable number tandem repat analysis is an established technique, which is established under the sub typing and getting the genetic diversity of STEC. It is an established technique to sub type E Coli O157, MLVA is a PCR based sub type method that is used to discriminate the strains of different of bacteria based on the tandems, (LLucchesi et al., 2006). The modern molecular bacterial sequencing has been utilised under polymorophic molecular markets such as the Varibelk Number Tandem Repeats or the MLVA in a rapid and specific way to discriminate on the different serotype using the PCR Amplification tool, (Murphy et al., 2008). Linking evidence The cheese being made in Astone market could be linked to E Colli infection, as it was observed to be common in the production process. The results obtained shows that E coli bacteria could have potential systemic infection and contaminate the final products. This evidence can be supported with the fact that cheese is produced from raw milk which could be a direct linked for E Colli contamination. Thus is supported with the 26 cases of same strain being identified among patients. Reference Hudault, S., Guignot, J., Servin, A. L. (2001). Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice againstSalmonella typhimuriuminfection. Gut, 49(1), 47-55. Krger, A., Padola, N. L., Parma, A. E., Lucchesi, P. M. (2006). Intraserotype diversity among Argentinian verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Journal of medical microbiology, 55(5), 545-549. LeJeune, J. T., Besser, T. E., Hancock, D. D. (2001). Cattle Water Troughs as Reservoirs ofEscherichia coli O157. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(7), 3053-3057. Lindstedt B.A., Vardund T., L., Kapperud G. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of Escherichia coli O157 using PCR multiplexing and multicolored capillary electrophoresis. J Microbiol Methods. 2004;58:213222. Lucchesi, P. M., Krger, A., Parma, A. E. (2006). Distribution of saa gene variants in verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from cattle and food. Research in microbiology, 157(3), 263-266. Matthews, L., Low, J. C., Gally, D. L., Pearce, M. C., Mellor, D. J., Heesterbeek, J. A. P., ... Gunn, G. J. (2006). Heterogeneous shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle and its implications for control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 547-552. Murphy, M., Minihan, D., Buckley, J. F., O'Mahony, M., Whyte, P., Fanning, S. (2008). Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of Irish verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from feedlot cattle: uncovering strain dissemination routes. BMC veterinary research, 4(1), 2. Russell, J. B., Jarvis, G. N. (2001). Practical mechanisms for interrupting the oral-fecal lifecycle of Escherichia coli. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3(2), 265-272.. Vogt, R. L., Dippold, L. (2005). Escherichia coli O157: H7 outbreak associated with consumption of ground beef, JuneJuly 2002. Public health reports, 120(2), 174-178. Williams, A. P., Avery, L. M., Killham, K., Jones, D. L. (2005). Persistence of Escherichia coli O157 on farm surfaces under different environmental conditions. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98(5), 1075-1083.